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GREG MANKIW has been asked the question: why don't more economists become politicians?My first reaction to reading this letter was a question: Is the premise true?
The Pitchfork Music Festival has an idealistic premise, true to the Web site's indie roots — good music in a comfortable setting at a fair price.
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The interesting question is, "Are the three premises true?" And they've got to all be true.
The feature of (3) that guarantees that every instance of it will be valid is its construction in such a manner that every uniform way of replacing its variables to make the premises true automatically makes the conclusion true also, or, in other words, that no instance of it can have true premises but a false conclusion.
A valid argument is simply one where every truth table row that makes its premises true also makes its conclusion true.
Table 1 shows that each judge respects the given legal doctrine, by declaring the conclusion to be true if and only if she deems both premises true.
Perhaps McGee has in mind some other notion of entailment that makes both premises true, but pending clarification on this point, the force of his argument remains unclear.
When possible, he does this by a clever and economical method: he gives two triplets of terms, one of which makes the premises true and a universal affirmative "conclusion" true, and the other of which makes the premises true and a universal negative "conclusion" true.
(5) Semantical fallaciousness results from the ambiguity of terms; the conclusion will follow if the sense given to the term in the premises makes the premises false, but if the other sense is ascribed to the term, making the premises true, the conclusion does not follow (it becomes an instance of formal fallaciousness).
The important issue regarding aggregation is the "discursive dilemma": results are false, under the majority rule, whereas the same rule makes the process true and the premises true.
If Pseudo-Scotus' argument is valid then, since its premise is true, its conclusion is true – which means it is invalid.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com