Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(5)
Another important distinction has been made between reactive forms of aggression (e.g. in response to perceived provocation or treat) and instrumental aggression (e.g. premeditated aggression for some gain or reward) [ 51].
And according to one study, acts of premeditated aggression in the military is a predictor of an absence of post-traumatic stress.
Proactive aggression (instrumental or premeditated aggression) refers to goal-oriented (e.g., bullying, stealing money), predatory aggression which is typically unprovoked.
Besides more severe aggression, youth with elevated psychopathic traits display more instrumental and premeditated aggression compared to other adolescents with severe conduct problems [ 3].
Impulsive aggression as opposed to premeditated aggression is believed to arise from an inability to fully regulate negative emotion and often leads to acts of spontaneous violence [Davidson et al., 2000; Siever, 2008].
Similar(55)
"Her aggression is premeditated".
Patrick Balkany, mayor of Levallois-Perret, called it a "disgusting" act of aggression that was "without any doubt" premeditated.
So, rather than a spontaneous outbreak of anti-American aggression, the mob assault on Sandy was premeditated, by what Quinn believes was Pakistani Intelligence.
This suggests that the aggression displayed by detained youths with a CD diagnosis is likely to be premeditated and planned, a notion that is supported by the finding that only the PA score was positively related to aggressive conduct disorder (Tables 4, 5).
"This was premeditated".
WAS it premeditated?
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com