Sentence examples for preliminary impulse from inspiring English sources

The complex waveform of the largest SCs can be interpreted by examining the so-called DL and DP components (Araki et al. 1997), where DL denotes a step-like disturbance dominant at low latitudes (global compression), and DP denotes an impulsive disturbance of polar origin (current vortices associated with a preliminary impulse and a main impulse).

PI preliminary impulse, MI main impulse.

On the ground, two pulses called the preliminary impulse (PI) and main impulse (MI) successively appear.

The magnetic field variation due to an SC at high latitudes shows a bipolar change, which consists of a preliminary impulse (PI) and main impulse (MI).

The SC is composed of the preliminary impulse (PI) and main impulse (MI) superimposed on the stepwise increase (DL) (Araki 1994).

Afterwards, Liu et al. (2011) reported a transient decrease of discrete aurora and simultaneous ionospheric plasma flow reversal for short period just after the shock arrival, i.e., during the preliminary impulse of a sudden commencement event.

Fig. 10 The preliminary impulses (PI) at high latitude (PB, CO, SI) and equator (KO), beginning simultaneously within the temporal resolution of 10 s, while no or small PI is observed at mid and low latitudes (FR, TU, HO).

This instantaneous propagation mechanism was proposed by Kikuchi and Araki (1979), and Araki (1994) applied it to the preliminary reverse impulse (PRI) of sudden impulse (SI).

It should be noted that the simultaneous geomagnetic field response in the polar region was essentially different from those observed at lower latitude, which first showed a preliminary negative impulse followed by a main impulse.

The studied SI− is not associated with shock, and hence no preliminary reverse impulse was evident.

Shinbori et al. (2009) examined LT variations of PRI (preliminary reverse impulse) of SC in different longitudes.