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Concentrations of MAPK inhibitors were based on preliminary dose finding studies (Suppl. Fig. 1).
The concentration used in this study was chosen from the preliminary dose response curves performed to identify a threshold concentration that had a marked effect on sap flow (for instance, 50 μM HgCl2 did not induce any depressive effect on sap flow) but that did not cause apparent irreversible toxicity effects.
Preliminary dose response assays confirmed that 40 µM ceramide was the ED50 for HCSF death.
A preliminary dose response experiment showed that a working concentration of 1 µM did not adversely affect cell growth and viability.
In preliminary dose escalation experiments, we did not detect a measureable effect of Herceptin® on proliferation in SKBr3 cells at any dose or exposure times tested (1 10 nM, 12 72 hours, data not shown).
The dose of the test drug was selected by preliminary dose finding studies in our laboratory.
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Here we provide an overview of the experiment, including introductory material on space radiation and radiation dosimetry, a description of the detector, model predictions of the radiation environment at Mars, and preliminary dose-rate data obtained at Mars.
As first step, the participants defined the major objectives of preliminary dose-range finding/MTD toxicity studies in non-rodents, defined the principles and requirements for this study type and agreed on a proposal for an optimised study design, based on collective experience of conducting such studies in industry, involving an evaluation of 100 individual study data sets.
This study tested the hypothesis that enhancement of S-nitrosylated hemoglobin by ethyl nitrite inhalation improves outcome after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH .A preliminary dosing study identified 20 ppm ethyl nitrite as a concentration that produced a 4-fold increase in S-nitrosylated hemoglobin concentration with no increase in methemoglobin.
Following preliminary dose-response experiments (not shown), the best effective concentration of 100 µg/ml of each mAb was selected.
The dose of berberine was chosen on the basis of previous in-vivo data and our preliminary dose-finding experiment [48], [49], [50].
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