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However, mapping introduces additional uncertainty and collection of primary data with the preferred utility instrument is preferable.
This focus group explored perspectives on routine clinical use, preferred utility of QOL tools in clinical practice, most clinically relevant questions, preferred layout, presentation and response formats.
Of all of the health states, no change plus grade 3/4 pneumonia was the least preferred (utility = 0.58).
As expected, among the clinical response states, complete response was most preferred (utility = 0.91), followed by partial response (utility = 0.84), followed by no change (utility = 0.78) and progressive disease (utility = 0.68), respectively.
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Head & Noar prefer utility over generalizability.
Generally, HTA agencies prefer utility data derived directly from patients in a clinical trial, using the EQ-5D [ 6– 8].
Inclusion criteria did not specify particular clinical characteristics because interviews were intended to yield utilities that may be used in cost-utility analyses for submission to reimbursement authorities, most of whom prefer utilities that represent general population values [ 53– 53].
Rawls already alludes to a sufficientarian understanding by claiming not only that the parties of the original position would rationally prefer average utility over the classical (sum-maximizing) principle but would "agree to some sort of floor to hold up average welfare" (ibid., 141).
Although HTA agencies prefer that utility data from generic measures be used in cost-effectiveness analyses, they acknowledge that such data may not be applicable or available.
This axiom implies that if and only if the utility of 100,000 JPY in the present is preferred to the utility of 150,000 JPY after one year, then the utility of 100,000 JPY after 10 years is preferred to the utility of 150,000 JPY after 11 years, because the implicit discount factor should be the same in both cases.
Inclusion criteria did not specify any particular clinical characteristics, which is consistent with recommendations from agencies like the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), most of which prefer that utilities represent general population preferences [ 16- 18].
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