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Several studies report that traditional birth attendants are first summoned to assist in cases where labour becomes prolonged (36– 38); however, in our study we found that women preferred initially calling their female friends.
Indeed, the addition of a decoy caused a shift in preference only when the decoy exhibited the intermediate expression of the trait less preferred initially.
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Some women prefer initially to use hospital-grade pumps — often available for rent — to help establish their milk supply, then switch to a more portable electric pump when they return to work after giving birth.
(D ) Preference score (percent total time spent in the initially preferred minus the initially non-preferred side), for each experimental phase.
A study in 2008 reported that women were less likely to learn information about tuberculosis and share it with others on their own initiative, and a larger proportion of women preferred to initially visit the lower-level non-hospital health facilities, such as village clinics and drugstores [ 48].
We found 40% of clinical students compared to 26% of pre-clinical students preferred to initially practice medicine in rural areas of the country.
Similar to our findings, the overwhelming majority of students in health profession in Uganda preferred to initially practice in the public sector over the private sector [ 12].
The comparison of the biased protocol, pairing nicotine with the initially preferred and non-preferred chambers, indicated that nicotine-induced CPP in male rats under both conditions, but the effect was stronger when nicotine was paired with the initially non-preferred side.
Negative value indicates that the animal spends more time in the initially non-preferred side, than in the initially preferred side.
The second study found that nicotine in breast milk produces similar effects and, the authors speculate, could further increase these children's risk of becoming smokers themselves, given that children often prefer flavors initially transmitted through breast milk.
Two groups of sexually active males were used, in one group ejaculation was paired with the initially non-preferred compartment and morphine administration was paired with the initially preferred compartment.
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