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Two groups of sexually active males were used, in one group ejaculation was paired with the initially non-preferred compartment and morphine administration was paired with the initially preferred compartment.
None of the groups changed their originally preferred compartment suggesting that morphine and one ejaculation have the same reward value in male rats.
No significant changes in place preference were observed following 8 alternating verapamil (no stimulant)/saline sessions, irrespective of whether verapamil injections were paired with the originally less or the originally more preferred compartment.
Conditioned place preference was calculated as the difference in % of total time spent in the drug‐paired (i.e., less preferred) compartment during the postconditioning and the preconditioning session.
On alternate days they were placed in the preferred compartment.
In the other group morphine injection was paired with the non-preferred compartment and ejaculation with the preferred compartment.
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In a series of experiments, the dose response curve was obtained, pairings between the drug and initially non-preferred versus preferred compartments were compared, and the involvement of mGluR5 receptors in nicotine-induced CPP was evaluated.
Only the females placed in the originally non-preferred compartment after paced mating changed their original preference, suggesting that paced mating induces a positive affective, reward, state of higher intensity than a morphine injection of 1 mg/kg.
Thus, saline-injected fish exhibit an avoidance behavior for the initially non-preferred compartment (bright) and do not change their place preference over time (Fig. 8B).
As expected, when initially exposed to the apparatus, control animals preferred the black compartment (Pretest 1; t18 = 4.193, P<0.001), whereas jet-lagged animals exhibited no preference (t18 = 0.805, P = 0.43)(Figure 3A).
In contrast, after a repeated pairing of a drug such as amphetamine with the initially non-preferred compartment, fish exhibit a drug-seeking approach behavior and reverse their place preference from the initially preferred (dark) to the initially non-preferred (bright) compartment (Fig. 8C; for details, see Materials and methods).
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