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Although high-fidelity polymerases extend predominantly from an A base opposite an oxoG, the Y-family polymerases Dpo4 and human Pol η preferentially extend from the oxoGC base pair.
If the presence of a hydrophobic sequence in the ribosomal tunnel would preferentially extend those stages of the translation cycle compatible with SRP binding, this could provide a mechanism for tunnel-initiated SRP recruitment.
Regenerating axons were found to preferentially extend growth cones around the Schwann cells and crossed the injury site as soon as the glial gap was bridged (Fig. 7A and supplementary material Movies 3 and 6).
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Later studies indicated that preferentially extended -10 promoters and promoters with a weak -35 consensus element were responsive to 6S RNA [ 3, 12, 15].
It therefore seems likely that after insertion of the correct nucleotide dCMP opposite the lesion by one of the Y-family pols, pol ζ preferentially extends the G* C base pair.
Our single-nucleotide results revealed that accurate insertion opposite the lesion is preferred, but it remained to be seen if PrimPol preferentially extends from dC 8-oxo-dG dC 8-oxo-dG dC 8-oxo-dG
Triple staining of Schwann cells, their nuclei, and the neurites revealed that the neurites were preferentially extended along both the elongated Schwann cells and aligned nanofibers in the top layer of the scaffold.
Conversely, when two compatible ends (GTTT-3′/CAAA-3′) were simultaneously present, each 3′-protruding end could be preferentially extended with the nucleotide complementary to the templating base neighboring the 5′-P, provided in trans by the opposite end, as expected for bona fide NHEJ reactions.
Because pol ζ has been reported to be an extender after incorporation of a nucleotide opposite the lesion, it is conceivable that pol ζ preferentially extends the G* C base pair following the incorporation of the correct dCMP by other TLS pols.
The structural differences between the homology model of CXCL9 18 73 on one hand, and CXCL10 and CXCL11 on the other hand, might partly explain the SpeB resistance of this part of CXCL9; since SpeB is known to preferentially cleave extended loops [49].
Telomerase has previously been shown to extend a telomere infrequently and shorter telomeres are preferentially extendable.
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