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In 2003, United States' trade losses here amounted to $785 million for the film, television, recording, software and publishing industries, according to the International Intellectual Property Alliance, a Washington trade group that has lobbied the Bush administration to revoke Brazil's benefits under the preferences program.
"The government shouldn't be establishing or mandating preference programs".
Nearly three-fourths of the products from Central America already enter the United States duty free under special preference programs.
And the United States imports $11 billion worth of goods from the five countries, with nearly three-fourths of the products entering duty free under special-preference programs.
"I was for affirmative action, am for affirmative action and will be for affirmative action," Mr. Lieberman, who has been critical of racial preference programs, told the convention's Black Caucus.
That reflects a belief among many affirmative action opponents that many academic administrators are so committed to giving e minority applicants an improved chance, they will simply refine their preference programs to achieve that result.
That might explain why the Pew poll found that the swing voters lean more toward Obama voters on issues like civil liberties and the role of labor unions, but are closer to Romney voters on the role of social safety nets, immigration and minority-preference programs.
Bowen's solution would be for selective schools to consider preference programs for low-income students.
Preference programs are often criticized by opponents who claim that they actually hurt the beneficiaries because they can't compete at the elite schools where they've gained entry.
