One concern when using retrotransposon markers is the possibility of non-random chromosomal distributions due to insertion site preference or selection against insertions at specific locations, which can for example lead to strong clustering in centromeric and pericentromeric heterochromatin.
Pathologists were asked to select the autopsies of interest following a strict chronological order, starting with those performed in 2012 and continuing yearly backwards, without any preference or selection bias.
Although our data are descriptive and as such cannot distinguish between an insertion preference or winnowing by selection, the strikingly similar patterns around grass genes suggests a preference.
This non-random distribution, including an apparent preference either to insert near to genes or to avoid them, may result either from a true insertion preference or just from selection.
For patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, multiple treatment protocols including esophagectomy alone [ 7, 15, 16], preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by esophagectomy [ 16, 17], or definitive chemoradiotherapy [ 18, 19] is preferred according to patient selection, physician preference, or comorbidity status.
Multiple treatment choices including surgery alone, preoperative CCRT followed by surgery, definite chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy alone can be applied to patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma according to patient selection, physician preference, or comorbidity status.
Where the data matrix B represents 'voting' data, such that (b_{ij}) indicates that object (X^{i}) voted positively for object (Y^{j}), one may consider that the preference selection ('1' or '0') is a forced binary decision on a continuous variable that represents preference.
Active habitat or resource selection (i.e. preference or avoidance) may reinforce specialization when preference and performance bias are matching (Ravigné et al. 2009).
There is always a waiting list, with siblings of current students getting preference come selection time.
As this was a preference study, selection bias is an obvious limitation to the interpretation of the results.
Preference for selection was given to farms in the proximity of Utrecht, the Netherlands.
