In summary, in vitro exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a variety of microbial TLR agonists results in activation of T cells predominantly of central memory and effector memory phenotype.
PSEN1 mutation carriers predominantly showed impairment of memory and multiple cognitive domains [ 67, 68].
We have previously shown that inflammatory T cells in the joint in JIA are predominantly of an activated memory phenotype and express high levels of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3, and that this correlates with the highly Th-1 skewed phenotype of synovial T cells, which make high levels of IFNγ [ 18].
p190BCR ABL-specific tumor necrosis factor-α-secreting T cells were also detected at similar frequencies (median % p190BCR ABL-specific, range 0.1–2.7), due tumort onecrosis lymphocytes, either EM (0.56%) or central memory (0.41%) subsets, but also to CD4+ T cells, predominantly of EM phenotype (median EM/central memory frequencies 0.43%/0.11%).
Prior to treatment, HIV-1 Gag specific CD8+ T cells were predominantly of a highly activated, intermediate memory (CD27+CD28−) phenotype, while CMV pp65-specific CD8+ T cells showed a late memory (CD27−CD28−), low activation phenotype.
The focus of MCI is predominantly impaired memory, but deficits in other cognitive domains will also be observed when, by definition, they are also included [ 55].
This is certainly the case with dementia, a syndrome that predominantly affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive failure of memory and intellectual functioning.
Nonetheless, memory CD8+ T cells from the circulation and secondary lymphoid tissue (predominantly central memory cells) contribute to the maintenance of pulmonary T-cell immunity and are rapidly recruited to the site of virus re-challenge 6.
In clinical trials with Belimumab, however, in vivo BAFF blockade predominantly resulted in loss of transitional and naïve B cells, but not of memory B cells [ 152].
This form of memory is assessed in laboratory animals by many methods, but predominantly the Morris water maze (MWM).
