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Although the influence of indirect effects cannot be discounted and unlisted genes may be down-regulated to undetectable levels, the microarray results support the notion that SYT-SSX2 may predominantly activate rather than suppress genes.
ErbB dimers predominantly activate the MAPK and PI3K pathway [ 29].
Both pathways are thought to predominantly activate gene expression.
Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging, Tu et al. (2009) found that in entorhinal cortex low concentrations of nicotine predominantly activate neuronal populations in layer VI.
Overall, these data show that GFs predominantly activate calpains, which (presumably through cleavage) stimulate vimentin depolymerization and liberation of detergent soluble vimentin.
As we did not expect to find significant biological function for such low-level expressed genes and because the pathways are known to predominantly activate gene expression, we focused on the downregulated gene sets in the subsequent analysis.
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It is currently thought that overstimulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors mediates this neuronal damage, while, in contrast, synaptic activity predominantly activates survival pathways [ 55– 55].
While several groups have previously identified hypoxia as playing a role in NFκB signalling, the mechanism whereby a decrease in available oxygen could elicit the activation of a transcription factor that is predominantly activated by more traditional receptor ligand activation signalling pathways was unclear.
CNP predominantly activates Npr2, which underlies guanylyl cyclase activity and mediates several cellsignalling effects through the synthesis of cGMP.
As previously reported (22), activation of ΔMEKK1 ER* with 4-OHT predominantly activates JNK, with only marginal effects on p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (Fig. 3 D ).
In macrophages stimulation with TGFβ predominantly activates the regulatory SMAD2 and −3 but activation of SMAD1 and −5 was also observed [ 5].
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