Instead, the individual cupcakes were the predominant unit for the student.
Biomechanically induced remodeling is captured by allowing for a continuous reorientation of the predominant unit cell axis driven by a biomechanical stimulus.
In contrast, for any UCB units with 70% chimerism by day +100, it was always the predominant unit beyond that time point.
The major evolutionary transition to multi-cellularity involved the suppression of individual cells as units of selection within a more complex hierarchical organization in which the whole organism becomes the predominant unit of selection (Michod 1999).
After NMA dUCBT, higher CD3+ cell dose (OR 2.1, 95%CI, 1.0 4.2, p=0.05) and better HLA-matching (OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.0 11.4, p=0.05) were independent predictors of the predominant unit.
However, this difference was no longer present by day +100 and beyond, at which point a predominant unit was evident in the majority of patients (97%and94%4% for MA and NMA, respectively; p=0.35).
Among MA dUCBT recipients, CD3+ cell dose remained the sole independent predictor of the predominant unit (OR 4.4, 95%CI, 1.8 10.6, p<0.01) with a larger dose more likely predominating.
Engraftment studies showed that by day +21 after transplantation a predominant unit (as defined by ≥70% chimerism) was observed in 73 out of 90 (81%) patients after MA conditioning, but in only 88 out of 145 (61%) patients after non-myeloablative (NMA) conditioning (p<0.01).
The median NC viability and dose, CD34+ and CD3+ cell doses, and CFU-GM dose were similar for the predominant and non-predominant units (Table 2).
For the purposes of this study, cases were defined as the UCB unit achieving predominance, and controls were the non-predominant unit.
In contrast, neutrophil recovery after NMA conditioning takes less time and is often associated with residual donor hematopoiesis and a period of mixed chimerism, in which both residual recipient and non-predominant unit cells persist (6).
