Consequently, the effects of POL predominant formulas on calcium absorption are consistent, irrespective other combinations of oil with POL.
Previous metabolic studies on POL predominant formulas (7 12) which were all done in the US or Europe did not report extensive HM supplementation.
The results of this study in Brazilian infants are consistent with the results of previous studies on POL predominant formula despite differences in other fats combined with POL, the type of formula (powder versus liquid) and HM supplementation.
Notwithstanding the differences in fat blend compositions (with or without PKO, canola, DHA and ARA oils) and formula types (powder versus liquid) of the formulas evaluated in our current study versus previous studies, the findings regarding the impact of POL predominant formulas on calcium and fat balance are similar.
Further, in the CHOP study, the formulae used were casein-predominant, whereas in the EPOCH study whey-predominant formulae were used.
In the pooled data from both groups, gastric residual content at 120 min was 19 ± 16 % for breast milk, 25 ± 18 % for whey-predominant formula (60%% whey) and 38 ± 21 % for casein-predominant formulae (80%% whey) and 46 ± 19 % with the follow-up formula, which is also casein dominant.
Extensively hydrolyzed, whey-predominant formulas developed for infants with food allergies have been shown to promote growth of healthy infants similar to those who are breast-fed infants (Raiha et al. 2002; Vandenplas et al. 1993).
However, at 120 min the predominant whey formula had a significantly (p < 0.05) faster GE (25 ± 18%%) than the predominant whole casein formulas, at 38 ± 21 % and 46 ± 19 % for the follow-on formula.
The results are consistent with those obtained in previous studies [ 7, 11] comparing calcium absorption and/or retention from POL predominant milk-based formulas versus non-POL containing formulas.
Billeaud et al. [ 11] compared the GE of breast milk to five other feeds, including a predominant whole whey formula and two predominant casein feeds.
The study conducted by Savage et al. [ 22] compared GE of a predominant whole casein formula to a 50%% whey and casein mixture and a partially hydrolysed (pHF) whey feed in children with CP.
