The cone-rod dystrophies (crd) are characterized by a predominant loss of cone function, with relative preservation of rod function [ 13, 14].
In the macula, the predominant photoreceptors are cones, which have higher demand and production of energy than rods and, therefore, higher demand for oxygen [ 16– 16].
O superfamily conopeptides, which are active on sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) channels, are also a predominant gene family in cone snail venom (Hu et al. 2011).
Cone-rod dystrophy (CRD [MIM 120970]) usually manifests in childhood or early adulthood with predominant or equal loss of cone compared to rod photoreceptors, reduced visual acuity, color-vision abnormalities, photophobia, and visual-field loss.
Expression of crx at ZT15 was confirmed to occur in cone photoreceptors by predominant colocalisation with cone α-transducin fluorescent signals (supplementary material Fig. S6).
CRD is characterized by predominant or equal loss of cone compared to rod photoreceptors, reduced visual acuity, color-vision abnormalities, photophobia, and visual-field loss.
GC-1 is the only guanylate cyclase isoform expressed in the outer segments of cones and the predominant isoform in rods (Baehr et al., 2007; Yang et al., 1999).
Hanein et al. classified both CRB1- and RPE65- related LCA as rod-cone dystrophies because of a predominant occurrence of night blindness (Hanein et al., 2004).
In cone snails and spider venoms, ICK toxins are predominant components and have rather diverse molecular targets, including Na+, K+, Ca2+, mechanosensitive and TRP channels [ 10, 64– 64].
