In addition to the benchmark data, we use an artificially designed theophylline sensing riboswitch to compare the three SHAPE conversion methods with a prediction that directly includes ligand binding free energy of the aptamer (see Supplementary Material S5).
Mathematical analysis of these network structures (based on the theory of coupled cell systems and symmetry in Golubitsky and Stewart [3 5]) leads to predictions that are directly testable via standard psychophysics experiments.
Thus, the models described here make concrete, quantitative predictions that can be directly tested using an experimental set-up for virus-host coevolution [ 27, 50].
The finding of pressures operating on genomic DNA in addition to the previously described C→T,G mutation in mammals, a set of quite different biases in non-methylated genomes and additional selection pressure operating on sequences expressed as mRNAs in all organisms provides a series of predictions that can be directly analyzed in biological studies.
The prediction that males directly influence the longevity of their mates has been verified [13], confirming a role for inter-locus sexual conflict in the evolution of ageing.
It shows that the optimal controller can be obtained as the solution of a Prediction Error (PE) identification problem that directly estimates the controller parameters through a reparametrization of the input-output model.
However, a second whole-brain analysis that directly compared gains (positive prediction error) to nongains (negative prediction error) in the MIL task revealed similar results (see Supplementary Information S5).
To verify the prediction that SB could bind directly to integrin α2β1 protein, the binding affinity of SB towards integrin α2β1 in vitro was determined by using Surface Plasmon Resonance SPRR) Biosensor analysis.
Second, we tested the prediction that if Elg1-RFC opposes directly Ctf7-dependent Smc3 actylation, then deletion of ELG1 should fail to provide an additional growth benefit to ctf7 mutant cells also expressing smc3Q.
There have been attempts, particularly in the auditory system, to test directly the prediction that the coding of naturalistic inputs is more efficient [11] [15], and this concept of matching has been used also to predict new forms of adaptation to the input statistics [16] [21].
