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Further, we considered the predicted substitution rate of the COI gene.
Thus as predicted, substitution mutations in the ubiquitin binding region of NEMO enhanced sensitivity to TNF-induced apoptosis in cells devoid of NF-κB-mediated transcription.
The initial alignment was adjusted manually and verified using Harmony3 (J. Shi, unpublished), which matches observed substitution frequency in the alignment with predicted substitution frequency from standard and environment specific substitution tables.
To determine rate of false positives in our set, we randomly selected 30 SBSs (Additional file 2: Table S1A), designed primers flanking the predicted substitution sites, amplified the fragments and re-sequenced using Sanger sequencing method at Genewiz , Inc
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Then, we identified the predicted substitutions along this branch by comparing these two ancestral sequences.
These results support previous work in bacteria by Rocha and Danchin [28], who found that biosynthetic cost plays a small role in predicting substitution rates in E. coli and B. subtilis proteins, and by Hurst et al. [29], who found a negative relationship between the average cost per replacement and amino acid divergence.
This shows that in the mouse lineage, CpG odds ratio predicts substitution patterns independently of meiotic recombination.
Using powerful statistical methods, we were able to show that, in both lineages, different factors predict substitution patterns.
This more heterogeneous distribution of recombination in males may lead to male-specific recombination rates better predicting substitution patterns than female-specific recombination rates.
The fusion predicts substitution of 16 amino acids from the noncoding ALU sequence of chromosome 1 in place of the terminal 83 amino acids of GNB1L.
Overall we have found that correlation effects are weak (r2 ≲ 5%), implying that knowledge of the local substitution rate in one lineage has little impact on predicting substitution rates in another lineage.
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