Sentence examples for predicted punishment from inspiring English sources

As it is well known that DA reports predicted reward (Schultz, 1998, 2007; Satoh et al., 2003; Nakahara et al., 2004), the theory posits that 5-HT should report predicted punishment or loss of reward (Daw et al., 2002).

Multiple schedules make it more difficult to predict punishment and are the reason that complex obsessions and fears slowly develop.

Rats were first trained to discriminate between two distinct tone cues: one predicting reward and another predicting punishment.

We show for the first time that agitated bees are more likely to classify ambiguous stimuli as predicting punishment.

A pessimistic cognitive bias is manifested in an increased tendency of subjects to classify stimuli as likely to predict punishment (or a reward of less value).

Here, a reduction in stimulus-induced response suppression occurred alongside an overall impairment (and not an improvement) in predicting punishment and reward in a probabilistic discrimination task.

Prior to any affective manipulation, subjects are required to learn that one stimulus (CS+) predicts reward, whereas another in the same sensory dimension (CS−) predicts punishment (or a reward of less value).

The first main finding of our study was that the VTA/SN and NA regions showed increasing activation for predicting both rewards and punishments, and that activation in the insular cortex reflected a linearly increasing function for predicting punishments only.

We used a public goods game with third-party punishment to test whether punishment of defectors was reduced when defecting was typical, as predicted if punishment is responsive to norm violation.

Reviewer #1: Here the authors record from optogenetically-identified SERT+ neurons in mice performing a simple odor-based discrimination task in which different odors predicted reward, punishment, or very low probability of reward (termed neutral).

Predicting what punishment a House member will receive after ethics infractions is difficult; factors including the member's contrition, level of knowledge of the misdeeds and relationships with colleagues can play a role.