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The observed predictability effect was strongest over posterior electrodes.
Notably, the predictability effect occurred substantially earlier than in previous research.
Importantly, the predictability effect held across levels of word frequency (Figure 4C) pointing to the reliability of the result.
The visual impression was corroborated in statistical analyses examining temporal onsets and durations of the first predictability effect (Figure 3A).
The best explanation of the rapidity of response in the neutral condition might be the facilitation by predictability effect.
Note, however, that suggestions about underlying sources of the predictability effect remain speculative, as no strong inferences about localization can be drawn on the basis of the present ERP data.
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The findings support a model of lexical predictability effects in which there is broad pre-activation of potential continuations, rather than discrete predictions of specific lexical items.
The topographical latency map (Figure 3B) identified early predictability effects at right anterior and left posterior sites.
Those mostly revealed predictability effects from 200 to 500 ms on the N400 component [41] [43]; only a few authors reported earlier effects, from 120 to 190 ms [44], [45].
Perhaps predictability effects are associated with this sustained response, rather than the M170 itself.
Predictability effects emerged first in early visual cortex after only an image transition or 2 and then later spread to higher visual areas.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com