In practice, we could not have any knowledge about fraud pattern in advance, and most malicious behaviors are often in accordance with security rules; thus, it is difficult to predefine regulations for preventing all kinds of frauds.
Notably, Groups 1 3 included GOBPs 60, 178 and 94 (Group 1); 67, 228 and 146 (Group 2); and 218, 206 and 246 (Group 3), respectively, consistent to the predefined differential regulation of the three sets of the GOBPs (Supplementary Information S2.3).
The interaction degrees revealed that (i) Group 1 and their descendants; (ii) Group 2 and their descendants; and (iii) Group 3 and their descendants showed early, mid and late associations among them, respectively, consistent to the predefined differential regulation of their parent GOBPs.
In particular, some variants allow to account for co-regulation by favoring predefined groups of regulators acting together in a sign-coherent way [ 9].
Alternatively, expression profiles can be viewed as the regulation of predefined gene sets representing canonical pathways [ 3] and ontology classes [ 4, 5].
The presence of H. pylori was examined using microscopy and immunohistochemistry. 130 genes showed differential regulation above a predefined cut-off level.
The first type of analysis uses predefined metabolic pathways as targets for transcriptional regulation and analyzes the changes in the pathways.
The percentage deductible is triggered by a predefined event.
We will be very carefully monitoring people under a predefined treatment protocol".
We all use much the same software and services, in the same, predefined ways.
