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All these predefined items come from a special package called standard, which is located in a special design library called std.
From each included study predefined items were recorded to assess their quality (consecutive patients, use of standardized diagnostic criteria) and validity (follow-up, assessment of treatment effects, level of evidence).
For eight predefined items, participants were asked for a confidence rating after indicating their decision and before they got feedback.
We recorded predefined items describing the internal validity, clinical relevance and external coherence of the studies and corresponding information in their evaluations.
The CNSI contains a list of predefined items that stem from nursing protocols and guidelines.
CXR were evaluated by trained radiologists (to score for the presence of predefined items such as progressive or new infiltrates, pneumothorax, malposition of the tube/lines); CXR were not accessible for intensivists.
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However, showing the patients a list of predefined available items may facilitate comparisons, but disability is the person's individual perception of functioning and not simply a result of being able or unable to do certain activities.
Further bias sources and the methodological study quality were assessed with 11 predefined standard quality items from the QUADAS tool, using the meta-analysis program RevMan 5 [ 27, 28].
We recorded the method of how the domains were defined, i.e. if they were defined a priori (the authors predefined domains and items which belong to these domains without statistical analyses but based on their clinical/research experience or opinion) or if domains were statistically defined by factor analysis.
All three studies used the NOS, a combined measure that consists of 60 components with an optimal range of results predefined for each item, with the final score calculated as the total number of optimal items (Touwen et al. 1980).
A threshold of ≥0.4 for single-item loadings of each identified factor was predefined to decide which items should remain in ROSA.
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