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So that political comment predates at least the last four administrations and the 113th Congress.
We find also that the division of ACSL enzymes into two groups predates at least the emergence of deuterostomes.
RNA editing in insect nAChR subunit alpha6 genes predates at least the radiation of the Coleopteranand Hymenopteran orders, beginning with sites 5 and 10.
The origin of the S100 family predates at least the segregation of jawed from jawless fish and some extant family members predate the divergence of bony from cartilaginous fish.
The presence of several S100 family members from cartilaginous fish (shark) deep inside the phylogenetic tree implies that the S100 family predates at least the segregation of bony from cartilaginous fish.
Similar(54)
In this initial habitat (a bounded area), there is some kind of pest population (prey) and another kind of population (predator, the new or invasive species) enters this region to predate at some time (initial time).
p NotPredated = 1 − p PredatedLow – p PredatedHigh − p PredatedLow × N Spreading / N Max (4 where pPredatedLow and pPredatedHigh are, respectively, the probability of being parasitized or predated at very low (zero) and very high population density.
The used parasitization and predation rate at low population density is based on the assumption that 10% of eggs and 10% of larvae are parasitized or predated at low population density (Boldaruev [1969], EPPO [2005]) and 10% of larvae are killed because of poor nutrition (Kirichenko et al. [2009]).
M. sexta larvae were predated at a rate of 12 37% over two 2- to 3-day trials.
This evidence suggests that exon duplication predated at least the radiation of insect orders spanning ~300 million years of evolution.
This is particularly true for the MIR-like sequences, whose amplification is known to predate (at least in part) the mammalian radiation [ 26].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com