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Discover Ludwig"precursor study" is a grammatically correct and commonly used phrase in written English.
It refers to a study that is conducted before or in preparation for a larger or more comprehensive study. Example: "The team conducted a precursor study to gather preliminary data before beginning their main research project on the effects of climate change on marine life."
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Furthermore, a research proposal with a title such as "Precursor Study of Earthquake Using Ionospheric Parameters" is less likely to be supported as reviewers still find it difficult to accept the existence of EQ effects on the ionosphere.
Our specific component framework is based in our previous work on measuring the fidelity of implementations (Century & Cassata 2014), which was then adapted for specific study of STEM schools in a precursor study to S3 (the Ohio STEM Learning Network Study (OSLN; NSF #1008569), which examined five inclusive STEM high schools in Ohio).
One precursor study employed a compact three-chamber "micro cell culture analog" (μCCA) device based on a PK-PD model.
The difficulty and my primary concern with the study as well as the precursor study is that candidate genes (defined as genes that have been studied in one (model) organisms and there have been found to influence the expression of one focal phenotype) for migratory traits are probably not know to date, as none of the model organisms show a migratory phenotype.
In MS, topographic methods have been applied in one small precursor study, in which analysis of 44 healthy controls, 26 MS-patients and 20 patients with other neurological diseases revealed a higher diagnostic sensitivity (72 %) and specificity (100%%) of topographic analysis of VEP (tVEP) compared to conventional waveform analysis (Lascano et al. 2009).
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These precursor studies led to a series of experiments in the more highly stressed rock at the 420 Level of the URL to investigate the formation of rock damage around tunnels, and to assess the factors that influence the stability of excavations.
The current status of ionospheric precursor studies associated with large earthquakes (EQ) is summarized in this report.
We have previously shown that ESI inhibits Sec61-mediated translocation of a range of proteins across the ER membrane, albeit to various degrees depending on the precursor studied [ 12].
Klag, M. J. et al. Coffee intake and risk of hypertension: the Johns Hopkins precursors study.
Among the starting salt precursors studied (nitrate, sulfate and chloride), the iron chloride was the most efficient one, producing active and selective catalysts with high resistance against deactivation.
As adenomas are known CRC precursors, studies to determine risk factors for adenomas could be crucial to prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com