● Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: PIN (a precursor state for cancer).
Also, desorption needs to be modeled with a precursor state included.
For determining the biaxial stress of the film in the precursor state, holographic interferometry was used to identify the resonant modes of vibration.
Factors influencing the amorphisation as well as strategies for the fabrication of nano-structured high stiffness low density steels via crystallisation from an amorphous precursor state are outlined and discussed.
The mild photothermal heating by light sources in the presence of physically adsorbed 4-NBT on the substrates resulted in notable SERS enhancements, presumably caused by the conversion of 4-NBT from the precursor state to the chemisorbed state.
The 3-D modeling demonstrates that the formation of two-phase CB structures is contingent on the formation of a compositionally stabilized precursor state with the tweed structure that is spontaneously formed at the initial stage of the transformation.
Moreover, our result answers some important questions, such as why the onset of non-ergodicty starts above the freezing temperature and why the precursor state with a static tweed microstructure appears to be ergodic prior to the normal martensitic transformation.
Indeed, relevant to both pathways discussed above, it is interesting to suggest a link to a placement of the VO level at only 50 meV below the CB [43], tying in with the shallow donor level of He et al. [12] and the precursor state to the formation of the VO+ state discussed by Ye et al. [40] and Vanheusden et al. [41].
It is shown that a precursor state in the adsorption of nitric oxide and slow adsorption and desorption of nitrogen (the product) yield a mathematical model that can predict several features of the oscillatory behaviour of the reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia reported previously.
The system is considered as a precursor state of pit initiation where a passive metal is immersed in an aqueous environment containing aggressive ions and local anodic sites arise on the passive film surface due to the existence of structural defects in the passive film.
These results may suggest that most cells in the hNPs remain in the PNS precursor state while some intrinsic PNS differentiation is taking place at the periphery of the neurosphere.
