Although, some prenatal and preconception factors, such as a poor relationship between the couple and negative emotional reactions towards conception, are directly associated with the continuity of infant difficult behaviors throughout the infant's first half year of life.
Earliest of all are preconception interventions, such as encouraging women not to delay reproduction until their forties, or folic acid supplementation (which is also a possible during-pregnancy intervention).
This distinction may explain the lack of contraception in some women who do not intend to become pregnant immediately and may explain why some women do not engage in recommended preconception practices, such as use of family planning until optimal glycemic control is reached.
They appear to draw on such preconceptions when phrases such as "double your risk" or "cut risk in half" are used in describing possible side effects of treatments.
A three-step analysis procedure formed the basis of the analysis: 1) In order to obtain a general and comprehensive impression of the gathered information, we listened to and read the material through thoroughly several times, bracketing own preconceptions [ 12] such as the salutogenetic perspective.
Educational status is an important predictor of birth outcomes [ 51], and is associated with better knowledge of other preconception health issues such as periconceptual folate supplementation [ 5].
This category overviews the findings from the included studies as it relates specifically to participants knowledge of the benefits of appropriate preconception care behaviours such as avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, undertaking regular exercise, or supplementing with folate.
Within the subgroup of women with type 1 diabetes, those who: are younger; have lower weight; have longer duration of diabetes; and only use insulin for treatment, are more likely to report preconception care practices such as focusing on glucose control or family planning counselling [ 55].
Previous experience of preconception health advice; Awareness of, and attitudes towards preconception health; Views on when and how preconception care might occur; Showing women areas of preconception health assessment (PHA) such as lifestyle, medical/family history, infectious disease and fetal exposure on a draft questionnaire 16 18 19 (see online supplementary appendix 1).
