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For ED swabs with swarming species that preclude selection of single NTHi colonies, a millipore filtration step is used.
To control for known and unknown confounders and thus preclude selection bias, randomisation of patient-relative tandems will be conducted by means of a computer-based algorithm.
To preclude selection bias, the demographic characteristics of those included versus not included were examined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the continuous variables, followed by Bonferroni correction and pair-wise chi-square test for categorical variables.
The sampling methods used in the included studies were either insufficient or not fully described in the majority of the studies, which makes it difficult to preclude selection bias.
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In addition, published Gateway-based plant transformation vectors [ 23, 24] also primarily use the KmR selectable marker, again precluding selection of recombinants resulting from gene transfer from Entry vectors to Destination vectors.
Our results suggest that no particular gene exhibits constant expression stability across all sample sets thus precluding selection of an all-purpose reference gene for data normalization.
This may have precluded selection of important covariates and confounders, if measured, and produced biased estimates and CIs; increasing the nominal significance level to 20% or more, as used in this study 19 can eliminate most of this bias.
Indeed, evidence suggests that many human populations lack alleles with enhanced protection against certain cancers, possibly because their short life-spans have precluded selection for those alleles [ 4, 7, 8].
This result, however, does not preclude positive selection at this site in the human lineage.
Furthermore, a high proportion of successfully geocoded addresses, although reassuring, does not preclude this selection bias.
Although the selection of induction regime with or without etomidate was based on the personal preferences of the attending anesthesiologist, a high number of anesthesiologists (135) performing the anesthesia procedures of the study might preclude a selection bias.
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