Psychophysics does not preclude evolution and if there were a good psychophysical description of the effect, it is highly likely that the causal direction would go from the evolved adaptation to the psychophysical result (Cauchoix & Chaine, 2016; Croston, Branch, Kozlovsky, Dukas, & Pravosudov, 2015; Warren, 1981).
Cohabitation of synthetic and editing reactions within the same active site and close interweaving of their respective pathways could have precluded evolution of both activities toward higher rates and improved specificity.
As a reference we determined invasion speed of populations with a fixed dispersal distance in landscapes without climate change, we kept the kernel parameter fixed and did not allow any mutations, thereby precluding evolution.
However, if differences in copying fidelity are enough to preclude memetic evolution from being a genuine case of selection, then the immune system must also be rejected.
This, however, does not necessarily preclude the evolution of deep corolla tubes: even moths visiting plants irrespectively of their floral traits may sample more flowers with their preferred corolla-tube depth than with less preferred corolla-tube depths, provided that they use an appropriate giving-up rule.
From an evolutionary perspective, it has been suggested that phenotypic plasticity can act as a buffer against selection that may delay or even preclude the evolution of local adaptations.
High rates of long-range pathogen dispersal can also preclude the evolution of suicide if local pathogen spread becomes irrelevant compared to the constant arrival of pathogens from the outside.
Such couplings would preclude the evolution of bacteria with reduced export of EAAs, despite the evidence that EAA export is a costly trait for B. aphidicola (when FBA is repeated in conditions where EAA export was removed, biomass production increased by 7% from 5.21 to 5.58 units).
By level 4, our evolution rejection sample size was very small, but the importance of a belief precluding evolution remained the main factor.
In a follow-up study, Southcott and Downie (2012) found that 'the importance of a belief precluding evolution' was the most crucial motivation for a student's rejection of evolution (Southcott & Downie 2012).
Here we hypothesize that the auditory demands of percussive foraging resulted in a receiver bias that precluded the evolution of lower-frequency contact calls.
