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Our result is precise for small mutation rates and excluding back mutations.
Meanwhile, precise estimates of mutation rates of microsatellites with different motifs may be needed through collecting direct genotype data in closely related rice species.
Figure 3d and Additional file 9: Figure S8a display a more precise picture of mutation rates at individual positions within 500 bp of nucleocyclic TSSs using data from testes.
We limited our sampling of mammalian mtDNAs almost exclusively to primates (and Bos taurus) because we were particularly interested in obtaining precise comparative estimates of mutation rates and selection pressures that may otherwise become unreliable when sampling is overly sparse.
The medaka is a unique vertebrate model for investigating the effects of IR on germ cells, because of the simple architecture of its testis, and the fact that the specific locus method can be used with precise accuracy to evaluate mutation rates in germ cells.
Here, we take advantage of the whole-genome data set on 158 D. melanogaster genotypes (Mackay et al. 2012) and data on interspecies divergence to get precise estimates of relative mutation rates for indels of different lengths and to investigate the action of negative and positive selection on short indels.
The 12 ancient sequences were from different time points as it has been shown that even a small sample of aDNA sequences with widely distributed and accurate ages are sufficiently powerful to produce precise estimates for mutation rate and timescales39.
Our far larger data set and use of two different mutation rates in conversions resulted in more precise estimates with narrow confidence intervals.
The mutations are represented by arrows and the corresponding mutation rates are marked.
Fluctuation analyses were used to experimentally address mutation rates.
Kumar, S. & Subramanian, S. Mutation rates in mammalian genomes.
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