Electrical connections between nerves and a prosthetic device enable amputees to discern precise, graded sensory intensity ranging from light touch to intense pressure.
The construct allows spatially and temporally precise, graded, reversible and non-invasive modulation of gene transcription and epigenetic states 73, 74.
The infinite Horizon impactor device has been established in producing precise, graded contusion, with reproducible lesion volume and functional outcomes assessed using BBB (Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan) and BMS (Basso Mouse Scale) open-field locomotor rating scales (Nishi et al., 2007).
Whereas the alpha-male notification hypothesis assumes that the signal's indication of the likelihood of conception is precise, the graded-signal hypothesis proposes that the signal indicates the probability of conception with a certain margin of imprecision taking into account that in many primate species, females may need to confuse paternity in order to reduce the risk of infanticide.
With these variants in hand, the regulation and modification of genomes can be accomplished in graded and ever more precise manner.
The pairing of positive and negative regulatory elements offers a more precise mode of regulation in response to graded Hh signals, as increasing levels of phosphorylation may gradually neutralize the negative effect of multi-Arg clusters, leading to a progressive change in Smo cell surface accumulation, conformation and activity.
Simultaneous addition of other interventions on the other hand, such as care management and physical therapy (graded activity) [ 18], clog the precise effect of the OTI.
An irrigated continuous circular saw was used to separate the specimens, which were processed using an automated system (Precise 1 Automated System, Assing, Rome, Italy), dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol rinses, and embedded in a glycol methacrylate resin (Technovit 7200 VLC, Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany).
The diffusible chemoattractant Semaphorin 3A instructs the dendritic extension of cortical pyramidal neurons toward the pial surface (Polleux et al., 2000) while the graded expression of transmembrane Semaphorin 1A regulates the precise targeting of the dendrites of projection neurons in the Drosophila olfactory system (Komiyama et al., 2007).
From Shen's quotation or perhaps Shen's own paraphrasing of Yu Hao's Timberwork Manual (木經; Mujing)—shows that already in the 10th century there was a graded system of building unit proportions, a system which Shen states had become more precise in his time but stating no one could possibly reproduce such a sound work.
Similar graded truncations are also observed for Wnt3a allelic series (Galceran et al., 1999), indicating that precise quantitative regulation of this pathway is required for completion of body axis elongation.
