Since a cause always precedes its effects, a loop of self-causation does not exist.
Even if one allows for the possibility of retrocausation, that is, for the possibility of an effect preceding its cause in time, it is generally held that a present cause can not change or alter the past.
The experiments reported here emphasise the central role of BDNF in the regulation of mitosis of the progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat, and its contribution in the latent period preceding the effect of fluoxetine on this process.
This is because the significant dead time which precedes the effect of this disturbance on the effluent temperature gives the feedforward controller ample time to act.
Regardless what we choose to call this early effect of hearing on vocal ontogeny, it seems clear that a self-centered effect of hearing on vocal output precedes an effect of hearing that relies on imitation of external models.
29 Binding of vitamin D to its nuclear receptor in muscle tissue may lead to de novo protein synthesis, 29 30 a benefit that appears to precede the effect of vitamin D on bone. 2 Our findings confirm those in an earlier meta-analysis on falls from 2004, 10 which showed that any vitamin D reduced falls in older individuals by 22%.
The suspicion of an occupational disease is reasonable when the cause precedes the effect of an interval sufficient for the development of the pathological process (query 1) and one or more positive answers are obtained from the queries 2-4 of table 1[ 5- 7].
However, because the autophagic flow was induced already after 12 h following IFNB1 treatment, we believe that autophagy induction preceded the proapoptotic effect of IFNB1.
Thus, mediators correlate with treatment, are modified during treatment and this change precedes the effects of treatment on outcome.
Together, these findings indicate that HDACi-induced suppression of IL-6 mRNA, detectable 4 h after inflammatory stimulation, precedes inhibitory effects of HDACi on p50 and p65 DNA binding and nuclear retention.
This finding indicates that MAPKs activation may represent an important primary event that precedes the deleterious effects of Mn on the cellular viability.
