Issues surrounding the application of precautionary intervention to public health risks have been elaborated by various authors [ 12, 66, 67].
This debate considers the additional precautionary intervention needed to manage this risk, when it exceeds the protection afforded by the exposure guidelines as recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing RadInternational Commission on Non-Ionizing
We therefore call for further research on this problem using individual study design and, for precautionary reasons, intervention programs for risk minimisation.
Our survey conducted at the initial stage of outbreak indicated that perceptions about the risks associated with 2009 (H1N1) pandemic influenza, as well as interest in pharmaceutical interventions and precautionary activities, showed changes over time and variations over geography and demography.
First, it means that simple line-drawing exercises aimed at isolating "enhancement technologies" from other biomedical interventions for special precautionary regulation or oversight are destined to be ineffective (pace Anderson 1989).
PMT is a framework particularly suited for interventions of protective, precautionary behaviours [ 16, 17].
The current knowledge clearly is sufficient to necessitate intervention, given the precautionary principle of public health.
We examined how risk perception, willingness to take pharmaceutical interventions, and engagement in precautionary activities changed over time and differed by geographical risk status in each state.
The reduction in interest regarding pharmaceutical interventions and engagement in precautionary activities may be linked to declining media attention during the survey period.
Small and sometimes not so small risks are associated with all sorts of pharmacological and other health and social interventions, but the necessary precautionary principle needs to be weighed against potential benefits".
