Values for age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were obtained from each pre-existing study dataset.
In step 1, the SNP markers were clustered into putative linkage groups using 116 markers from a pre-existing study genotyped across the SalMap families [ 8] as anchors (including microsatellites, minisatellites, allozymes and SNPs; Additional file 1: Table SA2).
Pre-existing studies of egao have been primarily interested in the political implications of egao, viewing it from the perspective of resistance or control (see Li 2011, 71 88; Tang and Bhattacharya 2011, 11).
The only pre-existing studies on the effect of storage on vermicompost [3, 4], have been based on the use of 2-month-old press-mud as feed for earthworms, and assessment of the changes in major nutrients (N, P and K), microbial activity and enzyme activity of the vermicast that was generated.
Secondary analyzes of pre-existing studies were conducted to identify challenges in the care of patients with type 2 diabetes as faced by GPs/FPs.
The main difference of our study population to that of pre-existing studies [ 7- 18, 19] 19] on bronchoscopy under noninvasive ventilatory support is that NIV had already been established in our patients irrespective of a planned bronchoscopy.
However, since this is the first study that evaluated the correlation between the results of CPQ11 14 and AUQUEI instruments, it is not possible to draw direct comparisons with pre-existing studies in the literature.
The coding categories were modified from pre-existing studies about media coverage of health research and biotechnologies [ 28, 29] and adapted to include issues raised in similar studies [ 30- 32].
This article presents secondary post-hoc analyzes of pre-existing studies, from two sources: literature reviews (in English and German) and unpublished research data from the co-authors' organizations.
Subjects were recruited from the Dane County, Wisconsin, region, using a pre-existing smoking study recruitment phone list managed through the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Tobacco Cessation and Intervention (UW-CTRI).
The questionnaire was modified from a pre-existing questionnaire study of cancer patients and was adapted to be relevant to relatives to ICU patients [ 5].
