Thus, technology should be chosen so that, as far as possible, the hardware, software, and orgware are compatible with the pre-existing cultural capital of the community.
However, a pre-existing high social capital in the neighbourhood seems to be a prerequisite for implementation of a successful Neighbourhood Watch program [ 18, 20, 59].
The United Nations-endorsed war against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan gave way to a period in which the Bush administration used its post-9/11 political capital to smuggle its pre-existing anti-Saddam Hussein agenda to the fore — with disastrous results for American forces, for Iraq and for the wider strategic goal of eliminating Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups.
The growing literature that examines the impact of high-skill immigration (Waldinger 2010; Borjas and Doran 2012) attempts to determine if high-skill immigrants impart sufficiently strong human capital externalities on the pre-existing workforce to generate increasing returns.
Put simply, you're better off buying shares in pre-existing companies, or rejigged mining corporations with the capital to get approvals.
By laying waste to much of the capital, the quake exacerbated Haiti's pre-existing weakness of government capacity and infrastructure, points out Josef Leitmann, who manages the World Bank's Haiti Reconstruction Fund.
Capital costs do not apply to pre-existing extraction wells.
Low conservation opportunity costs associated with pre-existing constraints on land use and the existence of alternative livelihood options appeared to facilitate largely positive financial capital outcomes, although we found reduced financial capital among some smaller and medium-sized landholders who were required to eliminate burning and grazing.
Kojo Sebastian Amanor concludes that south-south co-operation – though frequently framed as path-breaking – builds upon pre-existing forms of international development, neoliberal frameworks, and the expansion of capital in Africa.
Even among pre-existing investor households, who were found to have roughly double the capital of new entrants, more than half only had a high school degree.
