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The parallel test for invoking the UN's charter's self-defence clause, article 51, for pre-emptive action is that the need must be "instant, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation".
It is uncertain, for instance, whether a pre-emptive restructuring would trigger the default clause in credit-default swaps.
The so-called Supremacy Clause gives federal law pre-emptive power, in most cases, over state law.
Most are pre-emptive.
Pre-emptive retaliation preserves their rank.
This pre-emptive move was not unprecedented.
It was a pre-emptive strike.
Doctrine of pre-emptive attack.
The pre-emptive strike failed.
Hence the pre-emptive strike.
(Sort of like pre-emptive war).
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