There were three cases of renal failure, all in patients with pre existing renal impairment [22], [23], [24].
One patient with pre existing renal impairment and cancer metastases to kidneys was reported to have developed unconfirmed renal failure.
All remaining 19 patients were operated on pump, except for one patient who had pre-existing impairment of renal function.
Exclusion criteria are pregnancy, presence of a life-supporting implanted electronical device, additional fractures of wrist, carpal or metacarpal bones and pre-existing impairment in wrist function.
One patient (treated at 1650 mg m−2) had pre-existing impairment of bladder control and was incontinent of urine immediately following DMXAA administration.
Even pretreatment with rhEPO did not influence I/R-induced acute kidney in swine with pre-existing impairment of kidney function and histological damage.
Hypocapnia-induced cerebral vasoconstriction may worsen cerebral vasospasm in these patients, and has been demonstrated to exacerbate pre-existing impairment of CBF and metabolism in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Pregnant women, patients having a life supporting implanted electronic device, patients with additional fractures of wrist, carpal or metacarpal bones and pre-existing impairment in wrist function are excluded.
In the same review, it was also suggested that pre-existing impairment or disease may be important because they are known to affect HRQoL and therefore should be controlled for.
Finally, it is tempting to speculate whether pre-existing impairment of kidney function and decreased renal tissue EPO-R expression may explain the controversial effects of rhEPO in clinical trials.
Even early post-treatment with the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW0742 did not beneficially influence acute kidney injury during long-term, resuscitated fecal peritonitis-induced septic shock in swine with pre-existing impairment of kidney function and histological damage.
