Thus the soul receives its act of existence as the soul of a human being, and cannot pre-exist the human being whose soul it is.
In fact, as Machiavelli observes, it is very difficult for leaders to have real friends or to maintain those friendships that pre-exist their coming to office.
Hence an effect must pre-exist in its cause.
Capacity can pre-exist, or can be acquired.
It does not pre-exist in individuals in the state of nature.
Both the matter and the form must pre-exist (Z.9, 1034b12).
Consequently the entire organism must pre-exist, so the argument went.
Thus, SNPs, indels, and transpositions may pre-exist in the seed batch used for transformation.
In this respect they are like the individual souls, which, since they pre-exist and postdate the particulars they inhabit, are not and cannot be individuated by them.
Jean Hampton (1998; drawing on Anscombe 1981) offers an elegant contemporary explication of Hobbes' view that political authority does not pre-exist in individuals.
For gene therapy purposes, this approach remains challenging, because, for example, SSR delivery is largely unresolved and SSR DNA substrates must pre-exist in target cells.
