The beamforming or pre-coding techniques with multiple AEs can also be implemented for further improving the capacity and decreasing the interferences.
Without making modifications to the original rateless code structure, firstly layer packets are pre-coded with different code rates proportionally according to their importance, where lower layer packets are assigned to lower pre-coding rate.
In general, the proposed algorithm can be applied for both downlink and uplink; however, in this article, the study is limited to uplink communication only, where additional pre-coding is not required, as explained in the 'Introduction' section.
Multiuser downlink systems with multiple antennas are covered in the paper "Selected Basis for PAR Reduction in Multi-User Downlink Scenarios using Lattice-Reduction-Aided Precoding" by Christian Siegl and Robert Fischer where nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima-type pre-coding is combined with basis selection algorithm for PAPR reduction.
Pre-coding was undertaken separately by three of the authors and discussion of coding and further refining was undertaken.
Pre-coding provided a description of the issues or themes arising from the data, irrespective of whether they were related to the research questions.
Her research interests include MIMO wireless communications, channel coding, pre-coding, multicarrier modulation, and estimation theory.
Although the signature sequences generated by OVSF codes with pre-coding weights are orthogonal to each other at the transmitter, their orthogonality is lost at the receiver after transmission over the frequency selective multipath channels.
Charmaz [77: p57] describes focused coding as 'more directed selective and conceptual' than the pre-coding, explaining larger bodies of text by using significant or frequent codes.
The optimum precoding matrix is selected from a code book, depending on the pre-coding control information (PCI) that is fed back from the user equipment (UE) to the transmitter.
Data analysis followed the steps recommended by Patton: (1) provisional pre-coding to establish definitions and boundaries among constructs, (2) group discussion and consensus coding of all of the transcripts, (3) consolidation of categories after reviewing the associated quotations; and 4) an additional discussion and review of the categories and quotations to identify emergent themes [ 25].
