Barclays offers a model of good practice in this respect, working with external health agencies to train employees in its overnight contact centre on what types of foods to eat and when.
Indeed some studies have pointed out that, in practice, small group tutorial is not always experienced as effective [ 14- 18] and others have suggested that there may be some incongruence between educational theory and practice in this respect [ 6, 19].
In accident and emergency care, team based working reduces clinical error rates and enhances overall quality of care [ 81, 82], and the principles of crew resource management drawn from aviation have important messages for clinical practice in this respect, by empowering all members of the team to make contributions to safety [ 83].
Clinical practice in this respect varies, with decisions on the use of colony-stimulating factor being based on the regimen being used and types of patient involved, although guidelines (e.g. from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (Ozer et al, 2000) and European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO, 2001)) are also available.
Timeliness is key to spreading and sustaining new practices and in this respect the spread of this sort of care planning innovation was viewed in the context of the battle to change hearts and minds to move towards user/carer orientated planning as having been won [ 22].
We chose four cycles to represent a complete course of chemotherapy, but acknowledge that practice differs in this respect.
It was found that this model, which remains the model of choice in engineering practice, fails badly in this respect.
Notwithstanding this, it is important that these funded studies are undertaken and reported independently; meta-epidemiological findings from restorative dentistry suggest that best practice is being followed in this respect at present [26].
However, while in clinical instances such as tumors or infectious etiologies the medical treatment is further conditioned based on strict histopathologic or microbiologic examinations, obstetrical practice lags seriously behind in this respect.
