But in practice, immigrant rights groups say getting locked in a family detention center differs little from getting jailed, despite the fact that many who land in one are seeking asylum or other humanitarian relief.
State education officials in Maryland, New Jersey, Illinois and Nebraska have taken steps in recent years to halt similar practices, immigrant advocates said.
Women in societies which practice FGC and the practicing immigrant minorities living in the west consider that strength and identity partly come from the pain and difficulty which FGC causes, making them 'strong' and 'desirable' women.
The report found that local sheriffs and county officials who signed up for the program were determining in practice whether immigrants would be detained selectively, according to the Department of Homeland Security's priorities, or whether virtually every immigrant arrested by the local police would be questioned under the program.
She is also the chairwoman for global social work and practice with immigrants and refugees at the City University's Graduate Center.
1The expression "marriage migration" denotes the practice of immigrants residing in the country of destination to get married to someone residing in their country of origin before marriage.
A federal agency has issued a complaint against two Hyatts in San Francisco for violating the law by implementing "E-Verify" – a practice that immigrant rights advocates say is riddled with errors and can be used by employers to intimidate immigrant workers.
Yet even as New York ranks among the American cities most accommodating to newcomers, certain practices keep immigrants on edge.
"For quite a while, medicine has recognized the diverse practices of immigrants," said Dr. Larry Purnell of the department of nursing at the University of Delaware.
"The difficulties of integration do not arise from the social practices of immigrants, who in the end are quite open, but from a society that refuses to integrate certain groups on a double criteria: religion (Islam) and skin color of non-European origin — 'visible' minorities".
