"Properly structured PPPs [public-private partnerships] can play a key role in addressing the global water issues of today.
These involve cities partnering with non-profit organisations to keep prices low by taking advantage of the economies of scale and sidestepping many of the legal and corporate hurdles that accompany PPPs.
"It is clear that PPPs in the water sector boost corporate profits at the expense of people.
Privatisation, including PPPs, just doesn't work.
Official hopes are pinned on an ambitious programme of public-private partnerships (PPPs), set out in glossy PowerPoint slides and aimed at attracting $20 billion of mainly private investment into road schemes over six years.
By dividing the local currency price in each country by the dollar price we can calculate dollar PPPs.
But revised PPPs would not only change international rankings, they would also affect the pace of global growth.
Yet when it comes to PPPs, getting from the press release to the tarmac seems to take an age.Brazil, for example, dallied for years over PPPs for road maintenance and improvement.
Mexico is one of several countries continuing to pursue public-private partnerships (PPPs); it expects these to comprise more than half the $102 billion that the government plans to invest in transport in 2014-18.
In 2010, according to the IMF, Japan's income per head will be $33,800; Taiwan's will be over $34,700.These incomes are converted not at market exchange rates, but at purchasing-power parities (PPPs), taking account of the higher cost of living in Japan.
Many economists therefore prefer to use purchasing-power parities (PPPs), which take account of variations in price levels, to measure the relative size of economies.
