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The sensitivity to ethanol increases from 86%to96%6% while the ethanol concentration increases from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm at a temperature of 220 °C.
In this study, we looked at a grate-type commercial wood waste incinerator, whose CO emissions are above those of the regulation of 50 ppm at a 12% O2 basis.
Fatigue tests were carried out in two environments: (i) in air at 90 °C and (ii) in distilled water at 90 °C (pH = 7.2 and 02 = 3 ppm) at a loading frequency of 1 Hz.
When the sensors are operated in self-heating mode, a conventional behavior is observed, enabling the detection of NO2 concentrations down to about 1 ppm at a stationary temperature below 200 °C.
As a result of this, the initial dye concentration was optimized by varying the concentration of phenol red between 5 and 25 ppm at a catalyst dosage of 0.5 g l−1 and pH of 4.5.
The sensitivity, i.e., (Ra − Rg)/Ra where Ra and Rg are, respectively, the resistance of the nanowires exposed to air without and with the detecting gas, increases from ~47%to~98%8% while the ethanol concentration increases from 1 ppm to 200 ppm at a high temperature of 300 °C.
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In property, the prepared rose-like Cu2O nanoflowers show excellent gas-sensing performances to NO2 of 200 ppm at an optimal temperature as low as 340 °C.
Results showed very low levels of CO (∼10 PPM) but the NO increased somewhat to ∼10 PPM at an equivalence ratio of 0.5 and heat release intensity of 22.5 MW/m3-atm under non-premixed combustion conditions.
For premixed combustion, the combustor demonstrated low levels of both NO (5 PPM) and CO (8 PPM) at an equivalence ratio of 0.6 and a heat release intensity of 27 MW/m3-atm.
Significantly, the ZnO/ZnFe2O4 hollow nanocages exhibit enhanced response to acetone (25.8) with the detection limit of 1 ppm at an optimum temperature of 290 °C toward its two individual compositions (ZnO nanocages (7.9) and ZnFe2O4 nanospheres (8.1)).
The pervaporation experiments showed that the phenol crystals collected in the crystallizer accounted for about 79.9 89.2% of the total amount of phenol permeated through the membrane for a feed concentration of 6000 10,000 ppm at an operating temperature of 65 °C.
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