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Opposition parties had initially wanted a less powerful presidency, more power for provincial and local officials, and a strengthening of the rule of law.
The compromise was to fashion a powerful presidency subject to checks and balances with delegated powers.
Mr. Erdogan, however, has been seeking to gain even more power by changing the Constitution to establish a more powerful presidency, which he would run for next year.
In any event, given the dominance of Islamist MPs, experts say the new constitution looks likely to shift from a powerful presidency to a French-style system where executive power is split between an elected president and a prime minister chosen by parliament.
Many of the misgivings, and hopes, about French leaders we have expressed in the past could have been formulated today.In 1958, we worried about the potential for a French leader to "take all powers into his hands", given the new republic's constitutionally powerful presidency and weak parliament.
The AK Party, founded by Erdogan, lost its majority in a June 7 election for the first time since coming to power in 2002, complicating Erdogan's ambition of forging a more powerful presidency and plunging Turkey into political uncertainty not seen since the fragile coalition governments of the 1990s.
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Powerful presidencies can work, but they need to be constrained by strong institutions of a sort Turkey still lacks.
He denounced the all-powerful presidency created by Charles de Gaulle, only to exercise power himself in the manner of a republican monarch.In this section Hidden treasures Nurturing nature Destruction The sphinx The empress strikes back ReprintsHow did Mitterrand navigate such a brilliant, exasperating, snakelike path to the presidency, and re-election in 1988?
All also promised to dismantle part of the monarchic all-powerful presidency that Mr. Tudjman left.
You have to do all this without inflaming those touchy organs, the army, the intelligence services, or the all-powerful presidency with its clinging appendage of business cronies.
The draft constitution would fulfill some central demands of the revolution by ending the all-powerful presidency, strengthening Parliament and banning torture and detention without trial.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com