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Traditionally, biodiesel production from wet microalgae biomass is through a series of steps including preparation of dry algal powder, extraction of algal oil using organic solvents (such as methanol and chloroform), and conversion of algal oil to biodiesel in the presence of alcohol (methanol or ethanol) and catalyst (acid or base) under certain conditions [ 12].
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Dried whole ginger root powder extract (1 1 extraction solvent: ethanol 50 percent/water 50percentt ) standardized to 5% gingerols, was obtained from Pure Encapsulations, Inc (Sudbury, MA).
Protein extracts were prepared by thawing the powder in extraction buffer (150 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 6 M urea, 2% SDS, and 5% β-mercaptoethanol) (1 ml per g of tissue).
Total soluble protein was extracted from leaves by grinding in liquid nitrogen and resuspending the powder in extraction buffer as described [ 30].
Macroalgae plant was lyophilized and milled into powder before extraction.
All samples were dried, sliced and ground into fine powder before extraction.
It was then dried under shade and crushed to powder for extraction.
The fresh plant materials (rhizome, leaf, root and seed) were cut into small pieces, dried and pulverized into powder before extraction with solvents in increasing polarity.
Prewarmed CTAB buffer (2.0% CTAB (w/v); 0.1 M Tris Cl, pH 8; 0.02 M of EDTA, pH 8; 1.4 M NaCl) was added to the powder for extraction and the mixture was incubated at 60°C for 20 min.
For corn gluten meal, heat-treated corn grain and milk powders, DNA extraction efficiencies in the presence of 100 mg and 10 mg of powder resulted in 70%–95% reduced DNA recoveries.
Solubility data of drugs in supercritical fluids (SCF) are crucial for designing pharmaceutical processes, such as micronization of drug powders or extraction using SCF.
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