The empirical findings show that the historical presence of slavery is associated with higher poverty, land inequality, and black population shares, and with lower school enrollment and vaccination coverage.
But both groups face violence with impunity from police and the military, poverty, land insecurity, neglect by the authorities.
In Ethiopia, the increasing rate of deforestation coupled with the strident pace of population growth has escalated energy poverty, severe land degradation, and loss of soil fertility [18].
Abdullah Naeem gruffly put it, in the clipped words of an Iraqi Army officer, as his pickup truck barreled past variegated flags of religious piety, mud huts colored in the browns of poverty and land ruined by the salt of receding waters that dusted the ground like a hesitant snow.
Facing the decreasing effect of economic input to poverty reduction, land policy innovations could contribute to promoting poverty alleviation, particularly in China, where the defects in policy making is regarded as a major factor in rural poverty.
The socioeconomic asset profile of households in terms of dependency ratio, per capita consumption expenditure, poverty status, land ownership, structural damage of houses, hazard-related economic damage, and disaster preparedness differed significantly between at-risk households in the downstream and upstream regions (Table 2).
Fossil fuel consumption has now joined the traditional drivers of disaster risk such as poverty, inappropriate land use, weak building codes, the disappearance of protective ecosystems and lax governance, as drivers of preventable loss of life, displacement and loss of livelihoods.
The positive (self-reinforcing) but degrading feedback between poverty and land productivity suggests an alternative positive but upgrading feedback: biodiversity benefiting smallholders, and smallholders practicing diversified agroecology that benefits biodiversity.
I will refer to our experience at the German Development Institute, where I am leading a project that evaluates the impact of agricultural economic corridor development on poverty, employment, land tenure, productivity and food security.
Significant positive associations (p<0.05) were found between heat-mortality rates and neighborhood-level measures of poor housing conditions, poverty, impervious land cover, seniors' hypertension and the surface temperatures aggregated to the UHF-area level during the warm season (Tables 1, 2 and 4).
Already challenged by poverty, this land-locked country with a legacy of colonizer-instilled tribal conflict experienced decades of violence that culminated in a gruesome genocide of nearly 1 million Tutsis and Hutus.
