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In Section 2, we briefly discuss the notions of transport poverty, accessibility poverty and transport-related social exclusion and their interrelationships.
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Note that in what follows, we only relate to accessibility poverty if it results from transport poverty.
Accessibility poverty is thus less severe than transport-related (or accessibility-related) social exclusion: the latter assumes long-term impacts on a person's life, while the former may also occur without these long-term effects and may not even affect a person's level of activity participation [42, 43].
The term accessibility poverty differs from the notion of transport poverty, in that it is based on a broader interpretation of the notion of resources.
Note furthermore that accessibility poverty may also occur independently of transport poverty, for instance when a person enjoys a high level of potential mobility but lives in a (very) remote locality.
Accessibility poverty occurs if a person has a lack of access to key opportunities, such as employment, education, health care, or social support networks [35, 36].
In this latter case, accessibility poverty is caused by the existing land use patterns rather than by transport poverty.
Accessibility poverty develops into transport-related social exclusion if systematic problems of access to opportunities lead to significant impacts on a person's life, such as unemployment, deterioration of health, or social isolation [67].
However, transport poverty does imply accessibility poverty whenever a substantial level of mobility is necessary to gain access to key destinations [31].
For this reason, we employ this indicator in our estimate of households in accessibility poverty below.
In other words, persons experiencing accessibility poverty are at risk of transport-related social exclusion.
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