Comparison with predicted results by assumed behavioural patterns reflected that improperly assumed behavioural patterns may either overestimate or underestimate the energy saving potential of changing behaviour, especially for unextreme behaviours.
First, the potential impact of behaviour change was indicated in Uganda [4], and later Zimbabwe [8].
Five trials recorded a measure of self-efficacy as a potential determinant of behaviour change.
Within the context of the implementation modelling experiment, the measurement of potential mediators of behaviour change targeted by the intervention contributes to the process evaluation.
Within any subsequent evaluation of the impact of the intervention being developed, the measurement of potential mediators of behaviour change targeted by an intervention allows an understanding of the causal mechanisms involved in the change.
Knowledge and attitudes are important potential influences of behaviour [ 19] but awareness of the effects of alcohol in pregnancy alone is not sufficient to change women's behaviour [ 18].
We used a tool that is the preliminary result of a consensus process involving a collaboration of psychologists and implementation researchers to answer the question, 'which behaviour change technique (out of 35 candidate techniques) is it best to use, in order to change each potential mediator of behaviour change?' [ 21].
The behaviour change techniques were also developed for a paper-based method of delivery; further investigation is required to evaluate the relative utility of other methods of delivering and exploring the potential effectiveness of behaviour change techniques, such as interactive computer programmes or workshops.
Of secondary interest we also addressed 'What criteria should we consider when evaluating the quality and potential appropriateness of behaviour change theory?' Finally, we assessed the extent to which the theories we identified had been applied within the behaviour change field.
This addresses a limitation of previous research, as few randomised controlled trials of cancer survivors, or indeed other population groups, have examined the effects of a physical activity intervention on potential mediators of behaviour change and physical activity adherence using a theoretical model.
