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We injected fluctuating currents into the cells to simulate natural membrane potential fluctuations driven by various input events.
Potential fluctuations in the waste export market make such questions all the more pertinent.
No potential fluctuations that are clearly related to electronic inhomogeneities could be identified in bulk CIGS.
The two components of the measured potential fluctuations ΔV, namely ohmic-drop fluctuations ΔReI and faradaic potential fluctuations ΔE, were analysed.
Furthermore, if weaker potential fluctuations of around 100 mV are investigated, the conditions become more stringent to resolve the variations.
The prevalence of these intrinsic defects and compensations is considered to be the origin of potential fluctuations in the material.
It is known that the crystalline orientation distortions cause effective bandgap dispersion and thus creates lateral potential fluctuations.
This behavior is attributed to exciton localization in band tail states [19 22] due to potential fluctuations.
The measured potential variations are discussed considering the effect of different possible sources that may cause potential fluctuations.
Additionally, to the potential fluctuations in the bulk, considerable potential variations are expected at grain boundaries in the polycrystalline CIGS.
In systems with short-range potential fluctuations, the theory of e-e interactions is well established [31].
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