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The fitness benefit of a QS system is an indirect one: communication using a signalling system may spare unnecessary costs of futile attempts to cooperate whenever the local density of potential cooperators is lower than the quorum nq.
The ability to recognize the faces of potential cooperators and cheaters is fundamental to social exchanges, given that cooperation for mutual benefit is expected.
This phenomenon is an unexpected and novel result, showing that QS not only prevents wasting resources when too few potential cooperators are around, but also allows cells to parasitize on unconditionally cooperating neighbors, when a sufficient number of those are present.
At higher quorum thresholds (nq≥4), we see again that if the population (almost) exclusively consists of (potential) cooperators, QS is selected because its machinery allows cells to avoid cooperating when the number of unconditionally cooperating neighbors is already equal to or higher than the quorum.
The proposed amendments for the insider trading guidelines will give Justice Department prosecutors greater leverage in approaching potential cooperators to help build a case.
Defense lawyers, and some current and former prosecutors, said the case here has taken that controversy to a new level because the previous cases had not involved potential cooperators.
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In [4], authors took the secondary user as potential cooperator for the primary user, in which the secondary transmitter acts as cooperative relay for the primary transmitter to enhance their outage performances.
Mr. Hollander, seen as a potential cooperator who could help them penetrate SAC, was not charged.
To avoid this, it is thought that cotton-top tamarins will make economically-driven decisions based on the projected incentives of a potential cooperator.
This discrepancy might partly be because in previous experiments potential chimpanzee cooperators were partnered without regard to their social relationship.
The replicator equation for 2-player games can now be simplified to
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