Third-generation CAR contains two costimulatory domains, which result in more potent persistence and other T cell functions in preclinical studies (Wang et al., 2007; Zhong et al., 2010; Carpenito et al., 2009; Choi et al., 2014).
Furthermore, Th17 cells have stem cell-like features including high capacity of proliferative self-renewal, potent persistence and apoptotic resistance in vivo, and the generation of other types of T helper cells.
Over-expressing IDO utilizing adenovirus or transposon-mediated gene therapy in lung tissue has been shown to have potent effects on persistence of allogeneic lung transplants, associated with suppression of allo-reactive T-cells (Swanson et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2006a).
By exposing T cells to γ-cytokines such as IL-7 and IL-15 (Kaneko et al., 2009) or IL-15 and IL-21 (Pouw et al., 2010) prior to adoptive T-cell transfer to drive T-cell differentiation, gene-engineered T cells that have a central memory phenotype, prolonged peripheral persistence and potent antigen reactivity have been generated (Kaneko et al., 2009; Pouw et al., 2010).
Importantly, CD19R(EQ) and CD19Rch2Δ T cells exhibited improved persistence and more potent CD19-specific antilymphoma efficacy in NSG mice.
Risedronate is an oral, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that possesses properties that provide easier dosing alternatives for patients, such as strong affinity for bone, potent antiresorptive action, high concentration and persistence in bone tissue, and excellent tolerability.
Models of mycobacterial persistence, in which compounds with potent sterilizing activity can be rapidly analysed, must be characterized.
These latent reservoirs enable viral persistence even in the presence of potent antiretroviral therapy [ 2– 4] or immune responses [ 1].
The results therefore indicate that incorporating MPLA and Alum with HA can be a potent strategy to increase both the magnitude and the persistence of HBsAg-specific immune responses to protect hosts against hepatitis B virus infection.
Both streptococci and Haemophilus species are potent biofilm-forming pathogens that may result in chronic persistence in the adenoid lacunae [ 21, 23, 26].
Thus the presence of the inclusion bodies even in the presence of a potent antivirus response may play a role in the persistence of immunopathologic symptoms that have been reported in RSV-infected mice [ 50].
