Exact(3)
Modification of both azithromycin and erythromycin A resulted in promising reductions in the invasion inhibitory IC50 to levels nearing those achieved clinically for the parent compounds, providing a proof-of-concept for the potential development of potent invasion inhibitors.
Together, these findings establish a proof-of-concept that macrolides with more potent invasion inhibitory activity can be developed through chemical modification and that the dual activities of invasion inhibition and other inhibitory activities can be developed in single compounds and are not mutually exclusive.
Furthermore, addition of an oxime group (N-OH) to erythromycin A (erythromycin oxime) lowered the invasion inhibitory IC50 (150 μM) almost 3-fold compared to erythromycin A. The increased potency of Meg-erythromycin and erythromycin oxime compared to the parent drug indicates that various modifications to macrolides can lead to more potent invasion inhibitory activity.
Similar(57)
However, earlier studies suggest that some potent invasion-promoting genes, such as S100A4 and NEDD9, are inhibited by the WNT canonical pathway [ 25].
Whereas β-catenin is a proto-oncogene by virtue of its important role in the Wnt signaling pathway [ 2], E-cadherin exerts a potent invasion-suppressing role in tumor cell lines and in vivo tumor model systems [ 3, 4, 5, 6].
These results indicated that RKIP functions as a potent tumor invasion repression gene through regulating miR-98 expression.
COX-2 is responsible for the synthesis of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), a potent pro-invasion factor.
It confers a potent pro-invasion, pro-metastatic phenotype when expressed in breast cancer cells by potentiating their chemotactic invasion/migration response to EGF and by promoting discohesive cell motility [ 11, 17– 17].
Previously, we have shown that AA is a potent inducer of invasion in a simplified invasion chamber using a Matrigel basement membrane (Brown et al, 2006).
Our study confirms that SDF-1 is a potent stimulus for invasion but the level of that invasion is significantly less than that seen by using either BMEC cells and/or BMS alone.
Arachidonic acid at concentrations ⩽50 μ M, was shown to be a potent stimulus for invasion, with concentrations of ⩾5 μ M inducing similar levels of invasion to BMS (5 μ M AA; P=0.17).
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